What are the mesothelioma causes?

What are the mesothelioma causes?

Working with asbestos is the most common risk factor for mesothelioma.In the United States, asbestos is considered to be the leading cause of malignant mesothelioma  and has been considered "indisputably"  associated with the development of mesothelioma. Indeed, the relationship between asbestos and mesothelioma is so strong that many view mesothelioma as a "signal" or "sentinel" tumor.The history of exposure to asbestos exists in most cases. However, mesothelioma has been reported in some individuals without known exposure to asbestos. In rare cases, mesothelioma has also been associated with irradiation of the chest or abdomen, intraplaural thorium dioxide (thorotrast) as a contrast medium, and inhalation of other fibrous silicates, Erionite or talc. Some studies suggest that simian virus 40 (SV40) can act as a cofactor in the development of mesothelioma. This has been confirmed in animal studies  but studies in humans are inconclusive.  Pericardial mesothelioma may not be associated with exposure to asbestos.
Asbestos was known in antiquity, but it was not exploited and widely used commercially until the late 19th century. Its use increased considerably during the Second World War. Since the early 1940s, millions of American workers have been exposed to asbestos dust. Initially, the risks associated with exposure to asbestos were not publicly known. However, an increased risk of developing mesothelioma was later found in marine personnel (eg, the Marine, Marine Corps and Coast Guard), shipyards, miners and Asbestos mills, asbestos producers, heating and construction workers Industries and other traders. Today, the official position of the US Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) and the US EPA is that the protections and "permissible exposure limits" required by regulations American, while being adequate to prevent most non-malignant diseases related to asbestos, are not adequate To prevent or protect against asbestos-related cancers, such as mesothelioma. Similarly, the UK Health and Safety Executive (HSE) formally states that any exposure threshold for asbestos must be at a very low level and it is widely Such threshold exists, it can not currently be quantified. For practical reasons, therefore, HSE assumes that a "safe" threshold does not exist. Others also noted that there is no evidence of a threshold below which there is no risk of mesothelioma. There appears to be a linear relationship, dose-response, with an increase in dose producing a growing disease.  Nevertheless, mesothelioma can be linked to brief exposures, weak or indirect asbestos. The dose needed for the effect appears to be lower for asbestos-induced mesothelioma than for pulmonary asbestosis or lung cancer. Again, there is no known safe level of exposure to asbestos with regard to the increased risk of mesothelioma.
The duration of exposure to asbestos causing mesothelioma can be short. For example, cases of mesothelioma have been documented with only 1 to 3 months of exposure.  Individuals who work with asbestos wear personal protective equipment to reduce their risk of exposure. [Citation needed]
The latency, the moment of the first exposure to the manifestation of the disease, is prolonged in the case of mesothelioma. It is virtually never below fifteen years and peaks at 30-40 years.  In a review of work-related mesothelioma cases, the median latency was 32 years. Based on data from Peto et al., The risk of mesothelioma appears to increase at the third or fourth power from the first exposure.

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mesothelioma cancer:Signs and symptoms

Pleural Mesothelioma
Symptoms or signs of mesothelioma may not show up to 20 to 50 years (or more) after exposure to asbestos. Shortness of breath, cough and pain in the chest due to accumulation of fluid in the pleural space (pleural effusion) are often symptoms of pleural mesothelioma .
Mesothelioma that affects the pleura can cause these signs and symptoms:
    -Thoracic wall pain
   - Pleural effusion or fluid surrounding the lung
   - Shortness of breath
    -Fatigue or anemia
    -Whistling, hoarseness or coughing
    -Blood in the sputum (fluid) coughed (hemoptysis)
In severe cases, the person may have many tumor masses. The individual may develop pneumothorax or collapse of the lung. The disease can turn into metastases or spread to other parts of the body.

Peritoneal mesothelioma
The most common symptoms of peritoneal mesothelioma are abdominal swelling and pain due to ascites (an accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity). Other features include weight loss, fever, night sweats, lack of appetite, vomiting, constipation and umbilical hernia. If the cancer has spread beyond the mesothelium in other parts of the body, symptoms may include pain, difficulty swallowing or swelling of the neck or face. [Citation needed] These symptoms can be caused by mesothelioma or by other less severe conditions.
Tumors that affect the abdominal cavity often do not cause symptoms until they are at a late stage. Symptoms include: [citation needed]

    -Abdominal pain
    -Ascites, or abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdomen
    -A mass in the abdomen
   - Problems with intestinal function
    -Weightloss
Pericardial MesotheliomaPericardial mesothelioma is not well characterized, but the cases observed included cardiac symptoms, particularly constrictive pericarditis, heart failure, pulmonary embolism and cardiac tamponade. They also included nonspecific symptoms, including subesternal chest pain, orthopnea (shortness of breath when lying flat) and coughing. These symptoms are caused by the tumor enclosing or infiltrating the heart.
 
End-stage mesothelioma
In severe cases of the disease, the following signs and symptoms may be present: [citation needed]

   - Blood clots in the veins, which can cause thrombophlebitis
    -Disseminated intravascular coagulation, a disorder that causes severe bleeding in many body organs
    -Jaundice, or yellowing of eyes and skin
    -Low Blood Sugar
    -Pleural Effusion
    -Pulmonary embolisms, or blood clots in the arteries of the lungs
    -Severe ascites
If a mesothelioma forms metastasis, it most often involves the liver, adrenal glands, kidneys or other lungs

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What is Mesothelioma?

Mesothelioma

Mesothelioma is a type of cancer that develops from the thin layer of tissue that covers much of the internal organs (known as mesothelium).The most common area is the lining of the lungs and chest wall. Less frequently, the lining of the abdomen and rarely the sac surrounding the heart  or the bag surrounding the testicle may be affected. Signs and symptoms of mesothelioma may include shortness of breath due to fluid around the lung, swollen abdomen, chest pain, cough, fatigue and weight loss. These symptoms usually appear slowly. 
 
More than 80% of mesothelioma cases are caused by exposure to asbestos. The higher the exposure, the higher the risk.  In 2013, about 125 million people were exposed to asbestos at work . High rates of illness occur in people who extract asbestos, produce products from asbestos, work with asbestos products, live with asbestos workers or work in buildings containing asbestos . Often there is about 40 years between exposure and cancer. Washing clothes of someone who has worked with asbestos also increases the risk. Other risk factors include genetics and infection with simian virus 40. Diagnosis may be suspected based on pulmonary radiography and CT scan results and is confirmed either by examining the Liquid produced by cancer, or by tissue biopsy of cancer .

Prevention centers around the reduction of exposure to asbestos. Treatment often includes surgery, radiation therapy and chemotherapy. A procedure known as pleurodesis, which involves the use of substances such as talc to heal the pleura, can be used to prevent the formation of more fluid around the lungs. Chemotherapy often includes cisplatin and pemetrexed medications. The percentage of people who survive five years after diagnosis is on average 8% in the United States. 
 
In 2013, about 50,000 people had mesothelioma and 34,000 died of the disease. Mesothelioma rates vary in different regions of the world. Rates are higher in Australia, the United Kingdom and lower in Japan. This occurs in about 3,000 people a year in the United States. It occurs more often in men than in women. Disease rates have increased since the 1950s. Diagnosis generally occurs after age 65 and most deaths occur around 70 years of age. The disease was rare before the commercial use of asbestos. 

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